Thursday, May 8, 2008
Capital radio PODCAST
Podcasts:Podcasts of the radio shows are available to download to the audience’s computer or MP 3 players and this makes the radio show a much more accessible- especially as this radio show begins at 6am whereby the audience ma y miss parts of it. The audience can ‘listen to Johnny Vaughan's Breakfast Show at teatime. Never miss Flirty at 9:30 again. All for free!’ ‘You choose the time. You choose the place. You choose the show. Save for later or listen now.’ Podcasting is a way that automatically sends the best bits of your favourite shows to your computer so that you either listen to them on your PC or load the audio onto your iPod (or any other MP3 player), making it possible for you to enjoy your favourite Capital show anywhere you like and at a time that is most convenient to you. This gives the show a greater reach as more people will be able to listen to the show at times which suits them and conforms to the concept of time shift. Also the fact you can download specific shows give the audience a more personalised experience. The digitally broadcast radio show means that it can be easily transferred to the relevant technology, i.e. the internet, whilst the quality of sound is not altered by this. It is then easily decoded and turned to a podcast. This follows the concept of Analogue v Digital.
ARSENAL LAND
http://www.arsenal-land.co.uk/
Arsenal-land is an independent football website written by the fans. Our aim is to produce high quality original content including:
· Intelligent, tell-it-like-it-is opinion columns and features.
· Interesting and thorough historical articles.
· A strong emphasis on input from you, the fans, through interactive features on our main site and our lively discussion forum.
The technology involved is the internet. This replaces the independent magazines (fansines) which are on sale around the arsenal stadium and just provides a more diverse /realistic /honest opinion of fans regarding the situation at Arsenal FC. The main thing is that this is a fairly new and accessible approach to getting many different viewpoints.
Target audience:
The target audience is niche and narrow casted mainly to Arsenal fans who want to look at other peoples view and express their opinion also.
The site sections which allows a non-linear approach to accessing the contents of the website:
There is an interactive section whereby the viewer can download from the website such as wallpapers and merchandise.
Forum sections and comments allow the audience to interact within the site and form an online community. Anybody is able to leave comments or sign up to create forums which show democratisation as they equally have the opportunity to voice their opinion.
History section whereby the audience can gain past knowledge of events (proliferation)
columns/posts:
Put up by users, for users – showing Democratisation. The site is by fans, for fans. To discuss the situation at Arsenal FC and form an online community with discussions, information etc... It provides the latest gossip amongst fans such as ‘five key issues facing arsenal this summer’.
Institutions - none involved as it is fan run. This also shows that there all the information from peer to peer that is shown through the fan site is purely horizontal networking.
Key Concepts
Democratisation – audience have the equal opportunity to voice their opinion. As already mentioned.
Non-linear –the audience can navigate through the website by many menus and links. Such as archives of past columns (shows proliferation as without this technology the old issues/ columns would not be available to re-read)
Horizontal Networking- Information and opinions shared freely about Arsenal FC. This includes pictures and photos as well as the latest information.
Narrowcasting- Website is niche. Only covers Arsenal fans’ content. Hence only Arsenal fans with a passion for more views will visit the site. But with the debates and discussions and diversity of opinion within the website, each member of the audience may be drawn back.-Loyalty through unique and interesting content.
Arsenal-land is an independent football website written by the fans. Our aim is to produce high quality original content including:
· Intelligent, tell-it-like-it-is opinion columns and features.
· Interesting and thorough historical articles.
· A strong emphasis on input from you, the fans, through interactive features on our main site and our lively discussion forum.
The technology involved is the internet. This replaces the independent magazines (fansines) which are on sale around the arsenal stadium and just provides a more diverse /realistic /honest opinion of fans regarding the situation at Arsenal FC. The main thing is that this is a fairly new and accessible approach to getting many different viewpoints.
Target audience:
The target audience is niche and narrow casted mainly to Arsenal fans who want to look at other peoples view and express their opinion also.
The site sections which allows a non-linear approach to accessing the contents of the website:
There is an interactive section whereby the viewer can download from the website such as wallpapers and merchandise.
Forum sections and comments allow the audience to interact within the site and form an online community. Anybody is able to leave comments or sign up to create forums which show democratisation as they equally have the opportunity to voice their opinion.
History section whereby the audience can gain past knowledge of events (proliferation)
columns/posts:
Put up by users, for users – showing Democratisation. The site is by fans, for fans. To discuss the situation at Arsenal FC and form an online community with discussions, information etc... It provides the latest gossip amongst fans such as ‘five key issues facing arsenal this summer’.
Institutions - none involved as it is fan run. This also shows that there all the information from peer to peer that is shown through the fan site is purely horizontal networking.
Key Concepts
Democratisation – audience have the equal opportunity to voice their opinion. As already mentioned.
Non-linear –the audience can navigate through the website by many menus and links. Such as archives of past columns (shows proliferation as without this technology the old issues/ columns would not be available to re-read)
Horizontal Networking- Information and opinions shared freely about Arsenal FC. This includes pictures and photos as well as the latest information.
Narrowcasting- Website is niche. Only covers Arsenal fans’ content. Hence only Arsenal fans with a passion for more views will visit the site. But with the debates and discussions and diversity of opinion within the website, each member of the audience may be drawn back.-Loyalty through unique and interesting content.
Wednesday, May 7, 2008
Random Acts Of Reality- BLOG
Random Acts Of Reality- BLOG
Case study: http://randomreality.blogware.com/
The blog of a London ambulance worker, Tom Reynolds, detailing the dramas and mundanities of life on the front line of healthcare, is one of Britain's best loved blogs – for the simple reason that Reynolds is a superb writer. He shares his views and experiences with the audience on an equal level.
Blog- this can replaces the emailing, social networking sites or real life socialising as people can leave comments and discuss on each post. This is relevant as it also may replace regular columns in newspapers as the columnist can just create an online blog and keep ongoing debates and personal views.
This blog targets anybody who is interested in this person’s life and profession. More importantly it allows the audience to take the place of the institution and provide content. This shows DEMORATISATION whereby everybody has an equal opportunity to share their views and become recognised. –NO hierarchy and not just for those regular columnists.
The blog shows just a normal person that lives a normal life yet allows him to express himself on a global network.
The blog is NON-LINEAR with many different menus and categories and sidebars. This allows the viewer to navigate around efficiently which gives them a unique diverse experience and allows them to consume parts of the blog how and when they like.
The blog is an ongoing media text which with a back catalogue of posts available through archives and categories. This allows the audience consumption to be faster and therefore instantly gratifying their needs- IMMEDIACY.
Once a member to ‘blogware.com’ the users can comment and discuss and share media texts with each other such as; pictures, stories etc. (Although u can view the blog without being a member.0 This shows HORIZONTAL NETWORKING as this does not commercially benefit the institution.
The institution involved ‘blogware.com’ gains through subscriptions to the website. However each blog is freely accessible to read on the internet. This accessibility allows a greater exhibition and therefore potential reach for the user and also benefits the institution as they are self promoting through this. Also they advertise other institutions such as ‘Google’ and on this website books which are advertised are done so through the advertising of ‘amazon.co.uk’
The audience is dependent purely on the type of blog. i.e Just a news blog or a personal blog about careers, or hobbies etc. It is the niche content which provides a niche audience. However the blog would mainly be viewed by regular and comfortable users of the internet. In this case the audience would be people interested in the life surrounding a healthcare profession.
Case study: http://randomreality.blogware.com/
The blog of a London ambulance worker, Tom Reynolds, detailing the dramas and mundanities of life on the front line of healthcare, is one of Britain's best loved blogs – for the simple reason that Reynolds is a superb writer. He shares his views and experiences with the audience on an equal level.
Blog- this can replaces the emailing, social networking sites or real life socialising as people can leave comments and discuss on each post. This is relevant as it also may replace regular columns in newspapers as the columnist can just create an online blog and keep ongoing debates and personal views.
This blog targets anybody who is interested in this person’s life and profession. More importantly it allows the audience to take the place of the institution and provide content. This shows DEMORATISATION whereby everybody has an equal opportunity to share their views and become recognised. –NO hierarchy and not just for those regular columnists.
The blog shows just a normal person that lives a normal life yet allows him to express himself on a global network.
The blog is NON-LINEAR with many different menus and categories and sidebars. This allows the viewer to navigate around efficiently which gives them a unique diverse experience and allows them to consume parts of the blog how and when they like.
The blog is an ongoing media text which with a back catalogue of posts available through archives and categories. This allows the audience consumption to be faster and therefore instantly gratifying their needs- IMMEDIACY.
Once a member to ‘blogware.com’ the users can comment and discuss and share media texts with each other such as; pictures, stories etc. (Although u can view the blog without being a member.0 This shows HORIZONTAL NETWORKING as this does not commercially benefit the institution.
The institution involved ‘blogware.com’ gains through subscriptions to the website. However each blog is freely accessible to read on the internet. This accessibility allows a greater exhibition and therefore potential reach for the user and also benefits the institution as they are self promoting through this. Also they advertise other institutions such as ‘Google’ and on this website books which are advertised are done so through the advertising of ‘amazon.co.uk’
The audience is dependent purely on the type of blog. i.e Just a news blog or a personal blog about careers, or hobbies etc. It is the niche content which provides a niche audience. However the blog would mainly be viewed by regular and comfortable users of the internet. In this case the audience would be people interested in the life surrounding a healthcare profession.
Friday, May 2, 2008
iPhone
Converged, portable digital technology: iPhone
Technology involved:
Mobile calls and SMS texts, MP3 player, Wi-Fi internet, digital camera, MP4 player, radio, software roadmap/satellite navigation, TFT LCD Screen, touch screen.
This converged item is not only replacing but compiling a single unit which has the functions of many different accessories that have led the way previously. This iPhone not only replaces older mobile phones which are not as stylish and modern, it replaces; satellite navigation units, MP3 and MP4 players, the laptop/pager, the digital cameras. This one unit provides many functions and is therefore an example of CONVERGENCE. This is significant as this unit makes all of these features portable in one unit and therefore makes much less hassle for the buyer. Also this miniaturises some features, such as the Laptop which can be a handful, now into a slim pocket sized unit! The iPhone has dimensions of ...
Media Content:
iPhone can sort thorugh media library in a non-linear format allowing audiences to diversify their experience.
The iPhone allows users to purchase and download songs from the iTunes store directly to their iPhone over Wi-Fi, with the iTunes Wi-Fi music store, but not over the cellular data network. This is an example of vertical integration as Apple is forming a synergy (between products) across technologies, which encourage audience loyalty to the institution.
Apple developed an iPhone application for accessing Google's maps service in map or satellite form, while providing optional real-time traffic information. Apple also developed a separate application to view YouTube videos on the iPhone.-IMMEDIACY
Text messages are chronologically presented, with recipient replies grouped. The iPhone currently has built-in support for e-mail message forwarding, drafts, and direct internal camera-to-e-mail picture sending. These features allow much faster communication and provide instant gratification.
The iPhone overcomes the physical limitations of screen size by letting the user zoom into sections of a page with a double tap. This and the innovative new software which provides a touch screen interface, makes calls and listen to music much faster and simpler. It is a fully functional music and video player and syncs with iTunes. –QUALITY OF EXPERIENCE
The motion sensor/acceleroemter detects when you rotate the iPhone and automatically changes the contents of te display, so immeditately entire width of webpage or photo is in proper landscape aspect ratio. This improves the quality of the audiences experience immediately .
The iPhone’s widgets (small application) give helpful info. E.g. weather reports, stock reports. -IMMEDIACY
YouTube player:
This allows the audience to access and browse YouTube videos wherever they go. The portability of this website allows the audience to instantly gratify their needs and shows symbiotic relationship between Apple and Youtube. The audience can also send links of the videos to their friends via email which shows that the convergence of the internet.
Target audience:
The target audience is not clear as the range of function means that it can appeal to many audiences. I think in particular this would appeal to teenagers and city commuters who live really busy lifestyles and would like to be able to use many features on the go. I think also this would appeal to affluent city workers or at least those with a higher disposable income as the product is £269.
I think this product appeals to the younger generations who are confident with using up to date technologies and like to keep up to date with the latest trends. Also this product is a convergence of lots of technologies and so the audience must be a tech savvy person who understands how to use each feature. I also think this is primarily targeted to males, with regards to the stereotype that men like their technology and gadgets.
Institutions: APPLE
Apple has Symbiotic relationship between – Google (YouTube), O2 in UK, Starbucks. Mobile phone operator O2 has exclusivity to sell Apple's iPhone in the UK. The agreement with O2 is reported to include Apple receiving a continuing share of the revenue generated for the network operator.
New for Apple is mobile phoning and so the iPhone allows them the opportunity to gain a market share.
Some flaws in the devices, but like the iPod, the iPhone will force every other competitor in the market to raise its game otherwise will be squeezed out the market.
Key Concepts: CONVERGENCE, IMMEDIACY, QUALITY, MINITURISATION
Technology involved:
Mobile calls and SMS texts, MP3 player, Wi-Fi internet, digital camera, MP4 player, radio, software roadmap/satellite navigation, TFT LCD Screen, touch screen.
This converged item is not only replacing but compiling a single unit which has the functions of many different accessories that have led the way previously. This iPhone not only replaces older mobile phones which are not as stylish and modern, it replaces; satellite navigation units, MP3 and MP4 players, the laptop/pager, the digital cameras. This one unit provides many functions and is therefore an example of CONVERGENCE. This is significant as this unit makes all of these features portable in one unit and therefore makes much less hassle for the buyer. Also this miniaturises some features, such as the Laptop which can be a handful, now into a slim pocket sized unit! The iPhone has dimensions of ...
Media Content:
iPhone can sort thorugh media library in a non-linear format allowing audiences to diversify their experience.
The iPhone allows users to purchase and download songs from the iTunes store directly to their iPhone over Wi-Fi, with the iTunes Wi-Fi music store, but not over the cellular data network. This is an example of vertical integration as Apple is forming a synergy (between products) across technologies, which encourage audience loyalty to the institution.
Apple developed an iPhone application for accessing Google's maps service in map or satellite form, while providing optional real-time traffic information. Apple also developed a separate application to view YouTube videos on the iPhone.-IMMEDIACY
Text messages are chronologically presented, with recipient replies grouped. The iPhone currently has built-in support for e-mail message forwarding, drafts, and direct internal camera-to-e-mail picture sending. These features allow much faster communication and provide instant gratification.
The iPhone overcomes the physical limitations of screen size by letting the user zoom into sections of a page with a double tap. This and the innovative new software which provides a touch screen interface, makes calls and listen to music much faster and simpler. It is a fully functional music and video player and syncs with iTunes. –QUALITY OF EXPERIENCE
The motion sensor/acceleroemter detects when you rotate the iPhone and automatically changes the contents of te display, so immeditately entire width of webpage or photo is in proper landscape aspect ratio. This improves the quality of the audiences experience immediately .
The iPhone’s widgets (small application) give helpful info. E.g. weather reports, stock reports. -IMMEDIACY
YouTube player:
This allows the audience to access and browse YouTube videos wherever they go. The portability of this website allows the audience to instantly gratify their needs and shows symbiotic relationship between Apple and Youtube. The audience can also send links of the videos to their friends via email which shows that the convergence of the internet.
Target audience:
The target audience is not clear as the range of function means that it can appeal to many audiences. I think in particular this would appeal to teenagers and city commuters who live really busy lifestyles and would like to be able to use many features on the go. I think also this would appeal to affluent city workers or at least those with a higher disposable income as the product is £269.
I think this product appeals to the younger generations who are confident with using up to date technologies and like to keep up to date with the latest trends. Also this product is a convergence of lots of technologies and so the audience must be a tech savvy person who understands how to use each feature. I also think this is primarily targeted to males, with regards to the stereotype that men like their technology and gadgets.
Institutions: APPLE
Apple has Symbiotic relationship between – Google (YouTube), O2 in UK, Starbucks. Mobile phone operator O2 has exclusivity to sell Apple's iPhone in the UK. The agreement with O2 is reported to include Apple receiving a continuing share of the revenue generated for the network operator.
New for Apple is mobile phoning and so the iPhone allows them the opportunity to gain a market share.
Some flaws in the devices, but like the iPod, the iPhone will force every other competitor in the market to raise its game otherwise will be squeezed out the market.
Key Concepts: CONVERGENCE, IMMEDIACY, QUALITY, MINITURISATION
Thursday, May 1, 2008
Facebook-social networking
-One ‘leisure time’ activity involving NMT and audience consumption/production (social networking, online shopping, online gaming, music downloading, amateur film production, digital music production, etc)
Technology involved: internet, video technology, audio technology. Facebook is seen to be replacing forms of communication such as letters, phone conversations, emails, and even social interaction (meting up in person.)
Media content involved: Website, games, video clips, digital photographs, audio clips, applications, text comments including instant messaging
The website:
Facebook is an online social networking website which allows global interaction. It can be used by any body that has access to the internet and has their own email address (which allows them to validate an account). Each member is given their own webpage which they can personalise through many features. When creating a webpage the user is able to set their profile page to private whereby only their friends can access the page and look at their individual content or they can set it to public whereby anybody who has a facebook account can browse their page. If set to a private account then members will communicate across their individual social network and is an example of the institution fragmenting the target audience as a way of personalising each users experience on the website. Furthermore this leads to a larger target audience as each user can personalise their webpage and experience by talking to their friends and personalising their experience in a way that suits their tastes, habits and lifestyle. In other words the REACH of the website is extremely large as anybody with an internet connection can use this for their own reasons.
Games:
On the audience’s individual page they can add applications of games. For example, ‘ghost racer’ ‘Mindjolt games’ ‘Games arcade’ etc. This allows the audience to freely interact with friends and also challenge people of the same ability who they may not know. This almost fragments the audience and can allow individuals to socialise with people which they may never have in real life. This is also an example of horizontal networking.
· Video clips, audio clips and photography:
The audience can upload their digital videos and photographs to their webpage. This allows them to share their experiences with their friends and family. This follows the concept of immediacy as the audience can much gratify their viewing needs in a much more convenient manner. For example, without going to their house and viewing the videos on the television or stored on the computer, or without just looking at printouts, the audience can just view and even save the uploaded material. This also follows the concept of horizontal networking as the institution has no obvious gain from this sharing of media across a social network.
These features do not necessarily need to be uploaded they can just be added to the webpage through applications such as ‘iLike’ whereby the audience can add music to their webpage and dedicate songs to others, and ‘YouTube skins’ where the user can use the embedded code to transfer the video to their feature ‘wall’. This follows the concept of horizontal networking such as sharing of media from peer to peer via the webpage, yet this is an ideal way for Facebook to gain revenue. Applications such as these provide a peer to peer sharing of media however the institutions involved use these applications a good advertising for themselves. For this reason revenue must be paid to Facebook for these applications to be accepted by the Facebook institution.
· Applications
There are many applications that the user can add to their webpage. This vast amount gives much more choice and variety for the audience and so is an example of proliferation. As already mentioned for gaming applications, this allows the audience to interact across the social network and form new social groups and friendships with people that share your tastes. Also the number of different applications and content that the user can upload shows how the institution is promoting ‘personalisation’.
· Text comments and instant messaging
Every webpage is given a wall whereby the users accepted friends are able to write and leave them textual comments and even pictures. This allows social groups to interact for free over the internet without writing full emails. This saves time. The newest feature to Facebook is the instant messaging. This allows friends that are online to communicate instantly across the internet. For this reason it saves time and is a great example of immediacy.
· Democratisation is shown as the site allows everyone to join the networking website. The user has control over what their friends or the public access which gives everybody a sense of equality. Also the institution has no power over your account apart from regulating individual WebPages for inappropriate pictures and videos. This regulation allows a safe and secure environment for audiences to socialise within however is also dependant on the audiences help. For example the audience can ‘flag’ other WebPages’ content if they feel it is inappropriate or offensive and the Facebook institution has the power to remove this.
· The ‘people you may know’, ‘online friends’, notifications regarding friends actions , and other similar features are a good example of online surveillance. This shows the institution surveying your friends in an attempt to give the user the most current and significant information to them (the type and regularity of notifications can also be altered by the user) which provides a more convenient service. The ‘people you may know’ feature is when Facebook surveys the amount of friends you have in common with someone. Some of the users with the highest number of friends in common are then shown to the user. This can speed up the navigation around the website (save time looking to add people you know) and allows social (and horizontal) networking across a larger scale.
Audiences:
As already mentioned the website has a huge reach as each user can personalise their webpage and experience by talking to friends and alter their experience in a way that suits their tastes, habits and lifestyle. Anybody with an internet connection can use this. Personally I think that the largest audience is those people that are most comfortable with this new media technology (internet) and similar new technologies and people that have many friends and social activities and events. For example the 50+ years may not be confident with using the internet, and younger children may not part take in frequent social events such as going out with large groups of friends. Therefore the majority of users are social and between the ages of 14-35 years.
Institutions:
Facebook is funded by the revenue from advertisements and company applications. For example ‘YouTube skins’ and advertising on the left hand side of the users’ homepage. This is invaluable high reach advertising directly to individuals which can then become a viral application amongst social networks. For example if many friends are uploading YouTube videos onto their YouTube skins application, other friends are likely to join in.
The success of Facebook has lead to many companies wanting to advertise and create applications for the website. This increases revenue yet allows Facebook to exhibit a vast amount of content which may appeal to many diverse audiences. The success also led to other companies/institutions advertising the website when marketing a different new media technology, as this would increase their distribution.
Note: Apple advertises Facebook on their new iPhone TV advert. This shows a synergy between institutions. Both benefit from this advertisement as Facebook is being advertised the large audience that the Product may appeal to; whilst Apple are appealing to the wide reach of people that use Facebook.
Key concepts: Regulation, interactivity, reach, horizontal networking, online surveillance, immediacy, personalisation, democratisation.
-One ‘leisure time’ activity involving NMT and audience consumption/production (social networking, online shopping, online gaming, music downloading, amateur film production, digital music production, etc)
Technology involved: internet, video technology, audio technology. Facebook is seen to be replacing forms of communication such as letters, phone conversations, emails, and even social interaction (meting up in person.)
Media content involved: Website, games, video clips, digital photographs, audio clips, applications, text comments including instant messaging
The website:
Facebook is an online social networking website which allows global interaction. It can be used by any body that has access to the internet and has their own email address (which allows them to validate an account). Each member is given their own webpage which they can personalise through many features. When creating a webpage the user is able to set their profile page to private whereby only their friends can access the page and look at their individual content or they can set it to public whereby anybody who has a facebook account can browse their page. If set to a private account then members will communicate across their individual social network and is an example of the institution fragmenting the target audience as a way of personalising each users experience on the website. Furthermore this leads to a larger target audience as each user can personalise their webpage and experience by talking to their friends and personalising their experience in a way that suits their tastes, habits and lifestyle. In other words the REACH of the website is extremely large as anybody with an internet connection can use this for their own reasons.
Games:
On the audience’s individual page they can add applications of games. For example, ‘ghost racer’ ‘Mindjolt games’ ‘Games arcade’ etc. This allows the audience to freely interact with friends and also challenge people of the same ability who they may not know. This almost fragments the audience and can allow individuals to socialise with people which they may never have in real life. This is also an example of horizontal networking.
· Video clips, audio clips and photography:
The audience can upload their digital videos and photographs to their webpage. This allows them to share their experiences with their friends and family. This follows the concept of immediacy as the audience can much gratify their viewing needs in a much more convenient manner. For example, without going to their house and viewing the videos on the television or stored on the computer, or without just looking at printouts, the audience can just view and even save the uploaded material. This also follows the concept of horizontal networking as the institution has no obvious gain from this sharing of media across a social network.
These features do not necessarily need to be uploaded they can just be added to the webpage through applications such as ‘iLike’ whereby the audience can add music to their webpage and dedicate songs to others, and ‘YouTube skins’ where the user can use the embedded code to transfer the video to their feature ‘wall’. This follows the concept of horizontal networking such as sharing of media from peer to peer via the webpage, yet this is an ideal way for Facebook to gain revenue. Applications such as these provide a peer to peer sharing of media however the institutions involved use these applications a good advertising for themselves. For this reason revenue must be paid to Facebook for these applications to be accepted by the Facebook institution.
· Applications
There are many applications that the user can add to their webpage. This vast amount gives much more choice and variety for the audience and so is an example of proliferation. As already mentioned for gaming applications, this allows the audience to interact across the social network and form new social groups and friendships with people that share your tastes. Also the number of different applications and content that the user can upload shows how the institution is promoting ‘personalisation’.
· Text comments and instant messaging
Every webpage is given a wall whereby the users accepted friends are able to write and leave them textual comments and even pictures. This allows social groups to interact for free over the internet without writing full emails. This saves time. The newest feature to Facebook is the instant messaging. This allows friends that are online to communicate instantly across the internet. For this reason it saves time and is a great example of immediacy.
· Democratisation is shown as the site allows everyone to join the networking website. The user has control over what their friends or the public access which gives everybody a sense of equality. Also the institution has no power over your account apart from regulating individual WebPages for inappropriate pictures and videos. This regulation allows a safe and secure environment for audiences to socialise within however is also dependant on the audiences help. For example the audience can ‘flag’ other WebPages’ content if they feel it is inappropriate or offensive and the Facebook institution has the power to remove this.
· The ‘people you may know’, ‘online friends’, notifications regarding friends actions , and other similar features are a good example of online surveillance. This shows the institution surveying your friends in an attempt to give the user the most current and significant information to them (the type and regularity of notifications can also be altered by the user) which provides a more convenient service. The ‘people you may know’ feature is when Facebook surveys the amount of friends you have in common with someone. Some of the users with the highest number of friends in common are then shown to the user. This can speed up the navigation around the website (save time looking to add people you know) and allows social (and horizontal) networking across a larger scale.
Audiences:
As already mentioned the website has a huge reach as each user can personalise their webpage and experience by talking to friends and alter their experience in a way that suits their tastes, habits and lifestyle. Anybody with an internet connection can use this. Personally I think that the largest audience is those people that are most comfortable with this new media technology (internet) and similar new technologies and people that have many friends and social activities and events. For example the 50+ years may not be confident with using the internet, and younger children may not part take in frequent social events such as going out with large groups of friends. Therefore the majority of users are social and between the ages of 14-35 years.
Institutions:
Facebook is funded by the revenue from advertisements and company applications. For example ‘YouTube skins’ and advertising on the left hand side of the users’ homepage. This is invaluable high reach advertising directly to individuals which can then become a viral application amongst social networks. For example if many friends are uploading YouTube videos onto their YouTube skins application, other friends are likely to join in.
The success of Facebook has lead to many companies wanting to advertise and create applications for the website. This increases revenue yet allows Facebook to exhibit a vast amount of content which may appeal to many diverse audiences. The success also led to other companies/institutions advertising the website when marketing a different new media technology, as this would increase their distribution.
Note: Apple advertises Facebook on their new iPhone TV advert. This shows a synergy between institutions. Both benefit from this advertisement as Facebook is being advertised the large audience that the Product may appeal to; whilst Apple are appealing to the wide reach of people that use Facebook.
Key concepts: Regulation, interactivity, reach, horizontal networking, online surveillance, immediacy, personalisation, democratisation.
V-log (YouTube video): Kitchen Diaries (beat box).
Technology involved:
Digital videos are uploaded by members of the ‘YouTube’ website onto the internet. It allows people to freely stream videos across the globe. This enables audiences to become producers and view clip of what they want when they want. If the video does not exist they can create a video to gratify their and others needs. This also allows everyday people to easily publicise their talents and views which could lead to the creation of a fan base with the individual become slightly famous on the secondary world that is the internet.
This can replace terrestrial and digital television as people may log onto YouTube to experience a more diverse or different standard of video or may even want a more personalised and realistic experience. The main thing is that the audience can instantly gratify their needs and form an online equal society.
More specifically YouTube can compete with individual TV shows whereby the audience send in their own videos in a hope for them to be broadcast. YouTube however, allows everybody that equal opportunity. Shows such as; ‘You’ve Been Framed’, ‘The planet’s Funniest Animals’, ‘Animal Planet’, etc.
Media content: YouTube website and the digital video:
The YouTube Website:
YouTube categorises each video into a ‘channel’, i.e. it is categorised into sub sections such as; All Comedians, Directors, Gurus, Musicians, Non-Profit, Partners, Politicians, Sponsors, You Choose 08. This allows the mass audience the opportunity to diversify into a niche group and experience. (DIVERSIFICATION) This also makes the process much easier and faster to navigate through the millions of videos and the audience’s needs are more instantly gratified. (IMMEDIACY) for example ‘Kitchen Diaries’ is in the channels ‘comedy’ and ‘entertainment’.
The sub section ‘community’ allows audience to participate/ be part of contests and groups. A task is set by a company and the audience try to complete the mission set in the form of an uploaded video. This is allows the audience to share videos of themselves yet the company does not have a clear commercial gain from this task. (Instead they are ‘below the line’ promoting with the aim of eventually increasing company sales) (HORIZONTAL NETWORKING)
The ‘search’ option, the channel toolbar, and the sheer number of videos that are on the website allow each viewer to obtain a very individual and personal experience. For example only a niche audience may watch a video as a pose to the more restricted television scheduling whereby millions may watch something. Also due to the internet, this has allowed much more private viewing within the home or workplace etc.
YouTube allows everyone to publicize their videos and gives everybody an equal opportunity to express their views, show off their talent and possibly even become famous. This challenges traditional media organizations and formats such as the TV shows (as already mentioned) who were able to control what the audience could view, how they viewed it and when! Therefore this is a perfect example of DEMOCRATISATION.
The digital video:
The diversity and standard and personalisation of the ‘Kitchen Diaries’ video means that it will appeal only to a specific audience and therefore this is an example of ‘narrowcasting’ the audience. In other words the; beat boxing, humorous action codes, dress codes and dialogue, will mean that the audience is narrowed. Also when viewing a video the YouTube webpage displays related videos and videos uploaded by the same users. This allows the website to become fragmented as these features cause narrowcasting, i.e. the audience may only want to access similar niche videos and if this happens on a larger scale the whole YouTube audience could fragment.
The digital video is accessible to all audiences that are connected to the internet. Although the content is regulated by the YouTube organisations and institution to maintain a safe and secure and enjoyable website created for the people. YouTube is a public and free video uploading website and relies also on the audience to regulate this content and report content to the institution via the ‘flagging’ feature. This is a feature whereby the audience can click and flag a video if they feel the content is of an inappropriate nature. From this YouTube are alerted and review the videos status on the website. This illustrates the concept of REGULATION however the sheer success of the website has meant that the speed for regulation is much slower than the speed at which videos are uploaded.
Regulation is also shown as YouTube ask members for their date of birth to make sure that content they try to watch is of a suitable rating. Audiences without a membership are also unable to watch content that is age restricted, i.e. Over 18.
The audience are given complete control over what media is consumed (although regulated), when and how. They are not restricted by the traditional TV scheduling and can watch the videos when most convenient. This is a great example of time-shift.
The text comments section and the video response section below the video allow the audience to voice their opinion about the uploaded video. This allows the audience and the users/producer to communicate with each other over the internet on a global scale with people that may never have met in real life. (INTERACTIVITY)
‘Statistics and data’ is also available regarding each individual video, such as how many times the video has been ‘viewed’, ‘rated’, ‘favorited’, etc. My chosen video, ‘KITCHEN DIARIES’ has been viewed 2,564,061 times and has been ‘favorited’ 19,713 times yet it was only uploaded 16months ago! This section gives the audience more information about each video (slight example of proliferation).
YouTube users upload videos for free and the audience can access the videos for free. This allows peer to peer sharing of media without any profit. The audience can also copy and paste the embedded code of the video and put it on their own website/webpage/blog etc. This means that the audience can share the videos across peer to peer yet at the same time the institution and video is non-commercially promoted. Therefore these are clear examples of HORIZONTAL NETWORKING.
Audiences
‘Kitchen Diaries’ appeals mainly to anybody with a taste in Beat boxing, no matter what age, race or gender. However the audience is narrowed by the humour of the video. Also the video is part of a competition and so would appeal directly to those young hopefuls who want to win the competition and see which acts they have to beat. The main reason an audience would watch this video this for entertainment yet their viewing and rating of this adds to the creators viewing statistics which can benefit the creator through fame and self satisfaction. The audience may also find inspiration from the video and upload a video of them to gain status and to publicise something they find entertaining. This follows YouTube’s concept of self generated content.
The actual video itself can appeal to a mass audience however this is narrowed by the technology used- internet and v-logs. The new internet technology and the v-log facility provided by the creation of YouTube in 2005, means that this audience is narrowed by factors such as; whether those people who are comfortable with using this technology and those that can afford this technology.
Institutions -Google own YouTube (cost $1.65 billion)
The main institution is YouTube who are owned by Google. On the website there is lots of self promotion of the brand ‘YouTube’ and there is some advertising which can provide income for the institution such as ‘Rolling Stones’. Also self advertising the institution on other media texts is evident, such as ‘iGoogle’ and logging in with a Google account which shows vertical integration.
The increasing use of the internet and the increasing habit of free online video streaming via YouTube has meant that the institutions’ level of distribution is increasing. The unlimited space on the internet and the diversity of videos uploaded due to a diversity of audience tastes has meant that the amount of exhibition is forever increasing.
Some institutions use YouTube as a way of marketing their own media. For example film companies will upload trailers as an attempt to distribute the trailer to a greater audience and from that increase the popularity and therefore increase the number of screenings of the film.
Key Concepts: Horizontal networking, regulation, democratisation, narrowcasting, fragmentation, immediacy.
Technology involved:
Digital videos are uploaded by members of the ‘YouTube’ website onto the internet. It allows people to freely stream videos across the globe. This enables audiences to become producers and view clip of what they want when they want. If the video does not exist they can create a video to gratify their and others needs. This also allows everyday people to easily publicise their talents and views which could lead to the creation of a fan base with the individual become slightly famous on the secondary world that is the internet.
This can replace terrestrial and digital television as people may log onto YouTube to experience a more diverse or different standard of video or may even want a more personalised and realistic experience. The main thing is that the audience can instantly gratify their needs and form an online equal society.
More specifically YouTube can compete with individual TV shows whereby the audience send in their own videos in a hope for them to be broadcast. YouTube however, allows everybody that equal opportunity. Shows such as; ‘You’ve Been Framed’, ‘The planet’s Funniest Animals’, ‘Animal Planet’, etc.
Media content: YouTube website and the digital video:
The YouTube Website:
YouTube categorises each video into a ‘channel’, i.e. it is categorised into sub sections such as; All Comedians, Directors, Gurus, Musicians, Non-Profit, Partners, Politicians, Sponsors, You Choose 08. This allows the mass audience the opportunity to diversify into a niche group and experience. (DIVERSIFICATION) This also makes the process much easier and faster to navigate through the millions of videos and the audience’s needs are more instantly gratified. (IMMEDIACY) for example ‘Kitchen Diaries’ is in the channels ‘comedy’ and ‘entertainment’.
The sub section ‘community’ allows audience to participate/ be part of contests and groups. A task is set by a company and the audience try to complete the mission set in the form of an uploaded video. This is allows the audience to share videos of themselves yet the company does not have a clear commercial gain from this task. (Instead they are ‘below the line’ promoting with the aim of eventually increasing company sales) (HORIZONTAL NETWORKING)
The ‘search’ option, the channel toolbar, and the sheer number of videos that are on the website allow each viewer to obtain a very individual and personal experience. For example only a niche audience may watch a video as a pose to the more restricted television scheduling whereby millions may watch something. Also due to the internet, this has allowed much more private viewing within the home or workplace etc.
YouTube allows everyone to publicize their videos and gives everybody an equal opportunity to express their views, show off their talent and possibly even become famous. This challenges traditional media organizations and formats such as the TV shows (as already mentioned) who were able to control what the audience could view, how they viewed it and when! Therefore this is a perfect example of DEMOCRATISATION.
The digital video:
The diversity and standard and personalisation of the ‘Kitchen Diaries’ video means that it will appeal only to a specific audience and therefore this is an example of ‘narrowcasting’ the audience. In other words the; beat boxing, humorous action codes, dress codes and dialogue, will mean that the audience is narrowed. Also when viewing a video the YouTube webpage displays related videos and videos uploaded by the same users. This allows the website to become fragmented as these features cause narrowcasting, i.e. the audience may only want to access similar niche videos and if this happens on a larger scale the whole YouTube audience could fragment.
The digital video is accessible to all audiences that are connected to the internet. Although the content is regulated by the YouTube organisations and institution to maintain a safe and secure and enjoyable website created for the people. YouTube is a public and free video uploading website and relies also on the audience to regulate this content and report content to the institution via the ‘flagging’ feature. This is a feature whereby the audience can click and flag a video if they feel the content is of an inappropriate nature. From this YouTube are alerted and review the videos status on the website. This illustrates the concept of REGULATION however the sheer success of the website has meant that the speed for regulation is much slower than the speed at which videos are uploaded.
Regulation is also shown as YouTube ask members for their date of birth to make sure that content they try to watch is of a suitable rating. Audiences without a membership are also unable to watch content that is age restricted, i.e. Over 18.
The audience are given complete control over what media is consumed (although regulated), when and how. They are not restricted by the traditional TV scheduling and can watch the videos when most convenient. This is a great example of time-shift.
The text comments section and the video response section below the video allow the audience to voice their opinion about the uploaded video. This allows the audience and the users/producer to communicate with each other over the internet on a global scale with people that may never have met in real life. (INTERACTIVITY)
‘Statistics and data’ is also available regarding each individual video, such as how many times the video has been ‘viewed’, ‘rated’, ‘favorited’, etc. My chosen video, ‘KITCHEN DIARIES’ has been viewed 2,564,061 times and has been ‘favorited’ 19,713 times yet it was only uploaded 16months ago! This section gives the audience more information about each video (slight example of proliferation).
YouTube users upload videos for free and the audience can access the videos for free. This allows peer to peer sharing of media without any profit. The audience can also copy and paste the embedded code of the video and put it on their own website/webpage/blog etc. This means that the audience can share the videos across peer to peer yet at the same time the institution and video is non-commercially promoted. Therefore these are clear examples of HORIZONTAL NETWORKING.
Audiences
‘Kitchen Diaries’ appeals mainly to anybody with a taste in Beat boxing, no matter what age, race or gender. However the audience is narrowed by the humour of the video. Also the video is part of a competition and so would appeal directly to those young hopefuls who want to win the competition and see which acts they have to beat. The main reason an audience would watch this video this for entertainment yet their viewing and rating of this adds to the creators viewing statistics which can benefit the creator through fame and self satisfaction. The audience may also find inspiration from the video and upload a video of them to gain status and to publicise something they find entertaining. This follows YouTube’s concept of self generated content.
The actual video itself can appeal to a mass audience however this is narrowed by the technology used- internet and v-logs. The new internet technology and the v-log facility provided by the creation of YouTube in 2005, means that this audience is narrowed by factors such as; whether those people who are comfortable with using this technology and those that can afford this technology.
Institutions -Google own YouTube (cost $1.65 billion)
The main institution is YouTube who are owned by Google. On the website there is lots of self promotion of the brand ‘YouTube’ and there is some advertising which can provide income for the institution such as ‘Rolling Stones’. Also self advertising the institution on other media texts is evident, such as ‘iGoogle’ and logging in with a Google account which shows vertical integration.
The increasing use of the internet and the increasing habit of free online video streaming via YouTube has meant that the institutions’ level of distribution is increasing. The unlimited space on the internet and the diversity of videos uploaded due to a diversity of audience tastes has meant that the amount of exhibition is forever increasing.
Some institutions use YouTube as a way of marketing their own media. For example film companies will upload trailers as an attempt to distribute the trailer to a greater audience and from that increase the popularity and therefore increase the number of screenings of the film.
Key Concepts: Horizontal networking, regulation, democratisation, narrowcasting, fragmentation, immediacy.
Case study 2: Choose one radio station website and focus on the webpage for a specific radio show offered by that station.
Radio station: Capital (95.8fm)
Radio Show: The Breakfast Show: Johnny and Denise, weekdays 6-10am.
Technologies involved: Internet, podcasts, photo galleries, live radio streaming, video and audio clips, live webcam streaming.
Relevant:
-online developments are able to replace the traditional radio.
- Don’t have to listen to your radio- can listen on the web.
-website can mean you don’t have to look at the radio times for scheduling etc.
- allows you to see who you are listening to through picture galleries, video galleries, every live webcam in the studio
-Allows you to listen again to favourite interviews- therefore you get extra content that would not be replayed on the radio.
-podcasts if anything are replacing the traditional ‘recording’ of content however the podcasting is not really replacing anything it is jus offering something completely different- guaranteed more content.
-recording is being replaced by the video and audio clips which allow you to replay something online.
Exploring the media content:, Photo gallery, Replayed and downloadable radio interviews, Podcast- which allows you to download the shows straight to their IPod, video clips, Contact via email (e.g. blame Gareth),
The website:
-Provides a very non-linear way of viewing the radio show. The audience can diversify their experience by clicking on many different sub-sections within the radio show. There is a main menu at the top of the page, there is a menu bar on at the start of this webpage which allows the audience to navigate easily to certain features via links, and there are small summaries of each link below in an ordered layout whereby the audience can read part of the story to decide whether to view the full version. This allows the audience to more instantly obtain the information they require.
Photo gallery:
This allows the radio show audience to match what they listen to with pictures of the people that they hear interviewed and the people in the studio. This gives the audience more privileged experience due to this extra detail (PROLIFERATION).
Video clips:
This allows the audience to understand events which take place yet can’t be heard on the radio show. The audience are given extra information in the sense that they are using another sense whilst they can see the behaviour of people on the radio show. For example there is a video clip of Johnny and Denise’s journey to interview Sylvester Stallone. Video clips also provide another form of media which some audiences may prefer rather than to just read articles.
Podcasts:
Podcasts of the radio shows are available to download to the audience’s computer or MP 3 players and this makes the radio show a much more accessible- especially as this radio show begins at 6am whereby the audience ma y miss parts of it. The audience can ‘listen to Johnny Vaughan's Breakfast Show at teatime. Never miss Flirty at 9:30 again. All for free!’ ‘You choose the time. You choose the place. You choose the show. Save for later or listen now.’ Podcasting is a way that automatically sends the best bits of your favourite shows to your computer so that you either listen to them on your PC or load the audio onto your iPod (or any other MP3 player), making it possible for you to enjoy your favourite Capital show anywhere you like and at a time that is most convenient to you. This gives the show a greater reach as more people will be able to listen to the show at times which suits them and conforms to the concept of time shift. Also the fact you can download specific shows give the audience a more personalised experience. The digitally broadcast radio show means that it can be easily transferred to the relevant technology, i.e. the internet, whilst the quality of sound is not altered by this. It is then easily decoded and turned to a podcast. This follows the concept of Analogue v Digital.
Repayable and downloadable radio interviews:
This allows the audience to never miss a show. This allows them to listen to the show whenever they want to and allows them to diversify their experience as they can choose whatever interviews they would like. This follows concepts of, time shift and personalisation. The fact the radio interviews are digital (and therefore coded) makes them easily upload able to the website and maintains the sound quality. This is an example of improved quality of the media content.
Audiences:
I think the main audience for this radio station website is people with very busy lifestyles who may miss the live shows at the early time. This is implied as there are many repeated or podcasted shows which imply that the people who visit the pages are those that missed the initial show, i.e. due to commuting to work. Also the audience would need access to a computer and would likely own an MP3 player to download the podcasts which implies that this is targeted to employed people who keep up to date with the latest NMT’s. The secondary audience is those dedicated listeners to the show who want to hear repeats and want to gain more information about the show. These fairly niche audiences of this website and follow the concept of narrowcasting.
Institutions- Capital radio
The website is designed purely to further market, distribute and exhibit the radio show. Advertising across media texts makes the show more accessible. Distributing and exhibiting the radio show on a different media technology, which may result in a greater reach and a more loyal audience?
Revenue for the institution is in the form of advertising. For this specific radio show the sponsor is BMI/flybmi.com. This allows for the sponsor to advertise directly to the niche audience, which is fairly young and has money to travel.
Key Concepts: Time shift, non linear, personalisation, proliferation, quality, analogue v digital, narrowcasting (?)
Radio station: Capital (95.8fm)
Radio Show: The Breakfast Show: Johnny and Denise, weekdays 6-10am.
Technologies involved: Internet, podcasts, photo galleries, live radio streaming, video and audio clips, live webcam streaming.
Relevant:
-online developments are able to replace the traditional radio.
- Don’t have to listen to your radio- can listen on the web.
-website can mean you don’t have to look at the radio times for scheduling etc.
- allows you to see who you are listening to through picture galleries, video galleries, every live webcam in the studio
-Allows you to listen again to favourite interviews- therefore you get extra content that would not be replayed on the radio.
-podcasts if anything are replacing the traditional ‘recording’ of content however the podcasting is not really replacing anything it is jus offering something completely different- guaranteed more content.
-recording is being replaced by the video and audio clips which allow you to replay something online.
Exploring the media content:, Photo gallery, Replayed and downloadable radio interviews, Podcast- which allows you to download the shows straight to their IPod, video clips, Contact via email (e.g. blame Gareth),
The website:
-Provides a very non-linear way of viewing the radio show. The audience can diversify their experience by clicking on many different sub-sections within the radio show. There is a main menu at the top of the page, there is a menu bar on at the start of this webpage which allows the audience to navigate easily to certain features via links, and there are small summaries of each link below in an ordered layout whereby the audience can read part of the story to decide whether to view the full version. This allows the audience to more instantly obtain the information they require.
Photo gallery:
This allows the radio show audience to match what they listen to with pictures of the people that they hear interviewed and the people in the studio. This gives the audience more privileged experience due to this extra detail (PROLIFERATION).
Video clips:
This allows the audience to understand events which take place yet can’t be heard on the radio show. The audience are given extra information in the sense that they are using another sense whilst they can see the behaviour of people on the radio show. For example there is a video clip of Johnny and Denise’s journey to interview Sylvester Stallone. Video clips also provide another form of media which some audiences may prefer rather than to just read articles.
Podcasts:
Podcasts of the radio shows are available to download to the audience’s computer or MP 3 players and this makes the radio show a much more accessible- especially as this radio show begins at 6am whereby the audience ma y miss parts of it. The audience can ‘listen to Johnny Vaughan's Breakfast Show at teatime. Never miss Flirty at 9:30 again. All for free!’ ‘You choose the time. You choose the place. You choose the show. Save for later or listen now.’ Podcasting is a way that automatically sends the best bits of your favourite shows to your computer so that you either listen to them on your PC or load the audio onto your iPod (or any other MP3 player), making it possible for you to enjoy your favourite Capital show anywhere you like and at a time that is most convenient to you. This gives the show a greater reach as more people will be able to listen to the show at times which suits them and conforms to the concept of time shift. Also the fact you can download specific shows give the audience a more personalised experience. The digitally broadcast radio show means that it can be easily transferred to the relevant technology, i.e. the internet, whilst the quality of sound is not altered by this. It is then easily decoded and turned to a podcast. This follows the concept of Analogue v Digital.
Repayable and downloadable radio interviews:
This allows the audience to never miss a show. This allows them to listen to the show whenever they want to and allows them to diversify their experience as they can choose whatever interviews they would like. This follows concepts of, time shift and personalisation. The fact the radio interviews are digital (and therefore coded) makes them easily upload able to the website and maintains the sound quality. This is an example of improved quality of the media content.
Audiences:
I think the main audience for this radio station website is people with very busy lifestyles who may miss the live shows at the early time. This is implied as there are many repeated or podcasted shows which imply that the people who visit the pages are those that missed the initial show, i.e. due to commuting to work. Also the audience would need access to a computer and would likely own an MP3 player to download the podcasts which implies that this is targeted to employed people who keep up to date with the latest NMT’s. The secondary audience is those dedicated listeners to the show who want to hear repeats and want to gain more information about the show. These fairly niche audiences of this website and follow the concept of narrowcasting.
Institutions- Capital radio
The website is designed purely to further market, distribute and exhibit the radio show. Advertising across media texts makes the show more accessible. Distributing and exhibiting the radio show on a different media technology, which may result in a greater reach and a more loyal audience?
Revenue for the institution is in the form of advertising. For this specific radio show the sponsor is BMI/flybmi.com. This allows for the sponsor to advertise directly to the niche audience, which is fairly young and has money to travel.
Key Concepts: Time shift, non linear, personalisation, proliferation, quality, analogue v digital, narrowcasting (?)
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